Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Book PDF Download 2020-21
Introduction
Chemistry is one of the most important subjects for students who aspire to pursue a career in science, engineering, medicine, or pharmacy. It is also a fascinating subject that deals with the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter. To master chemistry, one needs to have a clear understanding of the basic concepts, principles, and techniques.
One of the best sources of learning chemistry is the NCERT book for class 11 chemistry. NCERT stands for National Council of Educational Research and Training, which is an autonomous organization that publishes textbooks for all subjects from classes 1 to 12. These textbooks are based on the latest syllabus prescribed by CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) and follow a simple, lucid, and engaging style of writing.
class 11 chemistry ncert book pdf download 2020-21
If you are looking for a PDF version of the class 11 chemistry NCERT book, you can download it from to read online or download any NCERT book for any class or subject.
Chapter-wise Summary of Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Book
Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
This chapter introduces you to some fundamental concepts of chemistry such as laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory, mole concept, stoichiometry, empirical and molecular formulae, chemical reactions, etc. You will learn how to:
Define chemistry and its scope.
State and apply various laws of chemical combination.
Explain Dalton's atomic theory and its limitations.
Differentiate between atoms and molecules.
Calculate atomic and molecular masses Define and use the concept of mole and molar mass.
Perform calculations involving percentage composition and empirical and molecular formulae.
Balance chemical equations using the law of conservation of mass.
Classify chemical reactions based on different criteria.
Chapter 2: Structure of Atom
This chapter deals with the structure of atom and the various models and experiments that led to its discovery. You will learn how to:
Describe the salient features of Thomson's, Rutherford's, and Bohr's models of atom.
Explain the limitations and drawbacks of these models.
State the postulates of quantum mechanical model of atom.
Define and use the terms such as orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes, and orientations of orbitals.
Write the electronic configuration of atoms using the aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle, and Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity.
Differentiate between isotopes, isobars, and isotones.
Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
This chapter covers the classification of elements based on their properties and periodic trends. You will learn how to:
Explain the historical development of periodic table by Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev, and Moseley.
State the modern periodic law and describe the salient features of the modern periodic table.
Define and use the terms such as atomic number, atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, valency, etc.
Predict the periodic trends in these properties across periods and groups.
Relate these properties with the electronic configuration of elements.
Identify and explain the anomalies and exceptions in these trends.
Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
This chapter explains the concept of chemical bonding and molecular structure. You will learn how to:
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Define chemical bond and its types such as ionic, covalent, coordinate, metallic, hydrogen, etc.
Explain the formation of ionic bond using electrostatic force, lattice energy, solvation energy, etc.
Explain the formation of covalent bond using Lewis dot structure, valence bond theory, hybridization, etc.
Predict the shape and polarity of molecules using VSEPR theory and dipole moment.
Explain the formation of coordinate bond using examples.
Describe the characteristics of metallic bond using electron sea model, band theory, etc.
Explain the formation and properties of hydrogen bond using examples.
Chapter 5: States of Matter
This chapter discusses the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. You will learn how to:
Differentiate between solid, liquid, and gas based on their intermolecular forces, shape, volume, density, etc.
Classify solids into crystalline and amorphous based on their structure and properties.
Determine the type of unit cell and calculate the number of atoms per unit cell in different types of cubic crystals.
Define and use the terms such as close packing, packing efficiency, coordination number, etc. in relation to solids.
Explain the kinetic molecular theory of gases and derive various gas laws from it.
Solve numerical problems involving ideal gas equation (PV = nRT).
Distinguish between ideal and real gases based on their deviation from ideal behavior at high pressure and low temperature.
Chapter 6: Thermodynamics
This chapter introduces you to thermodynamics which is the study of energy changes in physical and chemical processes. You will learn how to:
Define thermodynamics and its various terms such as system, surroundings, boundary, state variables, state functions, etc.
Differentiate between open, closed, and isolated systems based on their exchange of matter and energy with surroundings.
Differentiate between intensive and extensive properties based on their dependence on mass or amount of substance.
Differentiate between isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes based on their change in temperature or pressure or volume or heat transfer.
State and apply the first law of thermodynamics which relates heat change (q), work done (w), and internal energy change (ΔU) in a system.
Solve numerical problems involving heat capacity (C ), specific heat capacity (Cs), molar heat capacity (Cm), etc.
Define and calculate enthalpy change (ΔH) for various types of reactions such as formation, combustion, neutralization, etc.
State and apply Hess's law of constant heat summation to calculate the enthalpy change of a reaction using the enthalpy changes of other related reactions.
Explain the concept of spontaneity and non-spontaneity of a process using the second law of thermodynamics.
Define and calculate entropy change (ΔS) for a system and its surroundings.
Define and calculate Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) for a process and relate it with the spontaneity, equilibrium, and feasibility of the process.
Chapter 7: Equilibrium
This chapter deals with the concept of equilibrium in physical and chemical processes. You will learn how to:
Define equilibrium and its characteristics such as dynamic nature, reversibility, constancy of observable properties, etc.
Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibrium based on the phases of reactants and products involved.
Differentiate between physical and chemical equilibrium based on the nature of change involved.
State and apply the law of mass action and the law of chemical equilibrium to express the equilibrium constant (Kc) for a given reaction.
Relate the equilibrium constant with the extent of reaction and the direction of reaction.
Solve numerical problems involving the calculation of equilibrium constant, concentration, pressure, degree of dissociation, etc. for various reactions.
Explain the effect of temperature, pressure, concentration, and catalyst on the equilibrium position and equilibrium constant using Le Chatelier's principle.
Define and use the terms such as acid, base, salt, pH, pOH, etc. in relation to aqueous solutions.
State and apply the ionization constant of water (Kw) to calculate the concentration of H and OH ions in a solution.
State and apply the ionization constant of weak acids (Ka) and weak bases (Kb) to calculate the degree of ionization and pH of their solutions.
State and apply the solubility product constant (Ksp) to calculate the solubility and precipitation of sparingly soluble salts.
State and apply the common ion effect to explain the decrease in solubility or ionization of a substance due to the presence of another substance having a common ion.
Chapter 8: Redox Reactions
This chapter explains the concept of redox reactions which involve oxidation and reduction. You will learn how to:
Define oxidation and reduction in terms of loss or gain of electrons, increase or decrease in oxidation number, addition or removal of oxygen or hydrogen, etc.
Differentiate between oxidizing agent and reducing agent based on their ability to accept or donate electrons.
Determine the oxidation number of an atom in a compound or ion using certain rules and conventions.
Identify redox reactions by comparing the oxidation numbers of atoms involved before and after the reaction.
Balance redox reactions using two methods: oxidation number method and ion-electron method (half-reaction method).
Solve numerical problems involving equivalent mass, normality, molarity, etc. for redox titrations.
Chapter 9: Hydrogen
This chapter covers the properties, preparation, uses, and compounds of hydrogen. You will learn how to:
Describe the position, occurrence, isotopes, and dihydrogen bond of hydrogen in the periodic table.
List the various methods of preparation of dihydrogen gas in laboratory and industry.
List the physical and chemical properties of dihydrogen gas such as combustibility, reactivity, etc.
List the uses of dihydrogen gas such as fuel, synthesis gas, ammonia production, etc.
List the various compounds of hydrogen such as hydrides (ionic, covalent, metallic), water (structure, properties, hard and soft water), hydrogen peroxide (preparation , properties, uses), and heavy water (preparation, properties, uses).
Chapter 10: The s-Block Elements
This chapter discusses the elements of group 1 and group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the s-block elements. You will learn how to:
Describe the general characteristics of s-block elements such as electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity, metallic character, etc.
Describe the anomalous behavior of lithium and beryllium due to their small size and high charge density.
List the various methods of preparation, properties, and uses of alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium) and their compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, halides, carbonates, bicarbonates, nitrates, etc.
List the various methods of preparation, properties, and uses of alkaline earth metals (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium) and their compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, halides, sulfates, carbonates, bicarbonates, nitrates, etc.
Explain the biological importance of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in living organisms.
Chapter 11: The p-Block Elements
This chapter covers the elements of group 13 to group 18 of the periodic table, also known as the p-block elements. You will learn how to:
Describe the general characteristics of p-block elements such as electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity, metallic and non-metallic character, etc.
Describe the variation in properties and trends across periods and groups in p-block elements.
List the various methods of preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminum (group 13 elements) and their compounds such as borax, boric acid, boron hydrides (diborane), aluminum oxide (alumina), aluminum chloride (alcl3), etc.
List the various methods of preparation, properties, and uses of carbon and silicon (group 14 elements) and their compounds such as carbon dioxide (co2), carbon monoxide (co), carbonates (caco3), bicarbonates (nahco3), silicon dioxide (sio2), silicones (polysiloxanes), silicates (sodium silicate), etc.
List the various methods of preparation , properties, and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus (group 15 elements) and their compounds such as nitrogen gas (n2), ammonia (nh3), nitric acid (hno3), nitrates (nano3), phosphine (ph3), phosphorus pentoxide (p2o5), phosphoric acid (h3po4), etc.
List the various methods of preparation, properties, and uses of oxygen and sulfur (group 16 elements) and their compounds such as oxygen gas (o2), ozone (o3), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), water (h2o), sulfur dioxide (so2), sulfuric acid (h2so4), sulfates (cuso4), etc.
List the various methods of preparation, properties, and uses of halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine) (group 17 elements) and their compounds such as hydrogen halides (hcl, hbr, hi), interhalogen compounds (cl2, br2, i2), halide salts (nacl, kbr, ki), etc.
List the various methods of preparation, properties, and uses of noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon) (group 18 elements) and their compounds such as xenon fluorides (xf2, xf4, xf6), xenon oxides (x2o, xeo3, xeo4), etc.
Chapter 12: Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques
This chapter introduces you to organic chemistry which is the study of carbon and its compounds. You will learn how to:
Define organic chemistry and its scope and importance.
Explain the unique nature of carbon atom and its ability to form multiple bonds and chains.
Classify organic compounds based on their functional groups and homologous series.
Name organic compounds using IUPAC nomenclature rules.
Write the structural and condensed formulae of organic compounds.
Identify the types of hybridization and bond formation in organic compounds.
Explain the concept of isomerism and its types such as structural and stereoisomerism.
List the various methods of purification of organic compounds such as crystallization, sublimation, distillation, chromatography, etc.
List the various methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds such as detection of elements, functional groups, molecular mass, etc.
Chapter 13: Hydrocarbons
This chapter deals with hydrocarbons which are organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. You will learn how to:
Classify hydrocarbons into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons based on their structure and degree of unsaturation.
Name hydrocarbons using IUPAC nomenclature rules.
Write the structural and condensed formulae of hydrocarbons.
List the various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons from different sources such as alcohols, alkyl halides, carboxylic acids, etc.
List the physical properties of hydrocarbons such as boiling point, melting point, density , solubility, etc.
List the chemical properties of hydrocarbons such as combustion, halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, oxidation, polymerization, etc.
Explain the mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions of hydrocarbons using curly arrow notation.
Explain the concept of aromaticity and its criteria based on Huckel's rule.
Explain the structure and stability of benzene using resonance and molecular orbital theory.
List the various methods of preparation, properties, and uses of benzene and its derivatives such as phenol, aniline, nitrobenzene, etc.
Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry
This chapter covers the environmental chemistry which is the study of the chemical processes and phenomena that affect the environment. You will learn how to:
Define environment and its components such as atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.
Describe the structure and composition of atmosphere and its various layers such as troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
Explain the causes and effects of various types of environmental pollution such as air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, radioactive pollution, etc.
List the sources and harmful effects of various pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, lead, mercury, arsenic, pesticides, etc.
Explain the phenomenon of greenhouse effect and global warming and their consequences such as climate change, sea level rise, melting of glaciers, etc.
Explain the phenomenon of ozone depletion and its causes such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, etc. and its effects such as increased UV radiation, skin cancer, eye cataract, etc.
List the various methods of prevention and control of environmental pollution such as catalytic converters , scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, sewage treatment, bioremediation, etc.
List the various international agreements and protocols to protect the environment such as Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol, Paris Agreement, etc.
Benefits of Reading NCERT Books for Class 11 Chemistry
NCERT books are the best books for class 11 chemistry as they provide the following benefits:
They cover the entire syllabus of CBSE and follow the latest guidelines and exam pattern.
They explain the concepts in a simple, clear, and logical manner with examples and diagrams.
They provide ample exercises, questions, and problems for practice and revision.
They help in developing the analytical and problem-solving skills of the students.
They help in preparing for the board exams as well as competitive exams such as NEET, JEE, etc.
Conclusion
In this article, we have provided you with the class 11 chemistry NCERT book PDF download link and a chapter-wise summary of the book. We hope that this article will help you in your studies and enhance your interest in chemistry. Chemistry is a fascinating subject that has many applications in our daily life and future career. So, read the NCERT book carefully and enjoy learning chemistry.
FAQs
Q1. How can I download the class 11 chemistry NCERT book PDF?
A1. You can download the class 11 chemistry NCERT book PDF from to read online or download any NCERT book for any class or subject.
Q2. What are the main topics covered in the class 11 chemistry NCERT book?
A2. The main topics covered in the class 11 chemistry NCERT book are:
Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Structure of Atom
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
States of Matter
Thermodynamics
Equilibrium
Redox Reactions
Hydrogen
The s-Block Elements
The p-Block Elements
Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Hydrocarbons
Environmental Chemistry
Q3. How can I prepare for the class 11 chemistry exam using the NCERT book?
A3. You can prepare for the class 11 chemistry exam using the NCERT book by following these steps:
Read the NCERT book thoroughly and understand the concepts and principles.
Solve the exercises, questions, and problems given at the end of each chapter.
Revise the important points, formulae, reactions, etc. regularly.
Solve previous year papers and sample papers to get an idea of the exam pattern and difficulty level.
Practice writing answers in a clear, concise, and accurate manner.
Q4. What are some of the best reference books for class 11 chemistry apart from NCERT?
A4. Some of the best reference books for class 11 chemistry apart from NCERT are:
Q5. How can I improve my interest and understanding in chemistry?
A5. You can improve your interest and understanding in chemistry by:
Relating chemistry to your daily life and observing its applications around you.
Watching videos, documentaries, animations, etc. that explain chemistry concepts in an interesting and visual way.Conducting experiments, projects, quizzes, etc. that involve chemistry concepts and enhance your curiosity and creativity.
Reading books, magazines, blogs, etc. that cover chemistry topics in an easy and fun way.
Discussing chemistry problems and doubts with your teachers, friends, or online forums.
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